COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT (CDD) MODALITY

CDD Strategic Direction

The GOAL – develop mechanisms for supporting community level activities that improves governance and investment Move away from multiple-funding modalities to incorporation and institutionalization of CDD into budget support through local government structures.

 The main objective :

Strengthen the linkage between communities and local governments by:

 • Empowering communities to champion their locality development and

 • Demand for accountability for decentralized local service delivery.

Why CDD now?

 • Enhancing downward accountability processes between LGs and the communities – redirecting resources to the lowest service delivery centers.

• Deepening decentralization – community organization, empowerment

• Reinforce effective implementation of major government policies and initiatives such as UPE enrolment and retention, immunization and hygiene and sanitation.

• Strengthen community participation in the utilization of resources – Indicative Planning Figures (IPFs)

 New Dimensions

 • Linkage between communities and local governments- communities championing their locality development

• Developing, testing & implementing a harmonised and institutionalised mechanism for supporting community-driven development initiatives through the existing LG service delivery system. New Dimensions

 • Linkage between communities and local governments- communities championing their locality development

• Developing, testing & implementing a harmonised and institutionalised mechanism for supporting community-driven development initiatives through the existing LG service delivery system.

• Facilitate empowerment of communities to effectively participate in their own local service delivery initiatives;

• Strengthen community-local government interface in service delivery – safety nets

• Mobilize communities to contribute to and demand for services

 Definitions -

 Community Needs-based: ‘community’ defined around a particular need Productive activity: ‘community’ defined around a productive unit; Livelihood groups: ‘community’ defined around shared interests and needs; and Geography-based: ‘community’ defined around a geographic unit.

 Design Principles  

Empowering – Communities to Actively Participate in their Local Economic and Social Development Process

• Sub-project cycle: identification, planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of sub-projects.

• Building on the Existing Systems

• Building on the Existing LG System

 • LGs mandated to provide a range of services to their communities. System tested for its capacity to deliver these services.

• System provides opportunity for rendering support to community-led development initiatives.

 • Strengthen the capacity of the LGs to sustainablly support community-led development initiatives.

• Clarity of Roles

• Various key players in the community development process.

 • Role clarity for each player – clearly articulated in the implementation process. • Direct Community Financing

• Direct channelling of funds to the communities.

• Subsidiarity

 • Communities are best placed to organise around their needs and address them.

• CDD design to ensure that communities are at the core of their local development process.

• Community Contribution Programming and Design virtues • Deepened governance – decision-making

 • Real time participation Institutional Framework – A Cascaded CDD Support

• National Resource Team

 • HLG Resource Teams

• LLG Resource Teams & Intermediary Agencies

• LLGs to support the communities in the participatory planning process.

• Intermediary Agencies – CSOs to harness comparative advantages and wealth of experience in community mobilization and empowerment initiatives

• IAs to be selected against organizational competencies and experience relevant to CDD

• Community mobilization, facilitation and communication skills, project planning, CBME& participatory methodologies.

• IAs selected by Contracts Committees following laid down procedures for procurement Menu of Investments

 • Increase in social investments through community financing? • Increased in investments in the production sector?

 • Software investments directed at community empowerment such as IEC?

• What other investments can be envisaged? Menu of Investments – Grants

 • Activities identified by communities themselves

• Implemented and maintained – promoting community organisation, empowerment and accountability.

• Small-scale investments without recurrent cost implications to the local government.

• Exhibiting high level of community ownership manifested through community identification, co-funding and community contributions. 

 Menu Negative List

• Infrastructure development – eligible under LDG & other

 • Recurrent costs, like fuel, allowance and maintenance costs

• Single family projects or investments that benefit individuals (private goods)

• Purchase of motor vehicles or replacement of parts and related recurrent costs e.g. fuel, repair, etc.

 • Individual career development

 • Land purchase or compensation

 Financing Facilities

1. Training & Logistical support

2. Community Driven (Empowerment) Development Grant (US$ 2500 per community)

Eligibility Criteria

 • All households within the community assessed to meet the agreed minimum hygiene and sanitation conditions

 • Functional project management committee whose membership is acceptable to the community members.

• Community prepared project profiles indicating the investment demanded and prioritized by the community.

• Clear demonstration of how the community will manage and cover the cost M&M of the investment in a sustainable manner.

• Community contribution in a form that is appropriate to the community

 • Minimum hygiene and sanitation conditions in households shall include: a functional toilet, clean household environment and clean water collection source – see added criteria in Tool Kit.

Access

• Democratically formed Project Management Committee (PMC) c- 5 persons persons, 2 women.

• PMC) prepares and submits proposal and project profile to the CDO Officer

 • CDO verifies requisition and submit TPC and council for appraisal and approval

 • Sub-county/Town Clerk notifies beneficiary community

• Appraisal – see detailed criteria

• Democratically formed Project Requests the PMC to submit the detailed work plan to guide expenditure planning. Approval for subsequent releases depends on successful implementation of the preceding phase

• satisfactory monitoring report compiled by the PMC and

• Monitoring report filed by the Parish Chief see Form CDD-B

Flow of Funds

 • Direct to District

• CDD District Account

• Sub-county Account & IPF fold in

• Community Accounts

Key Players •

Parish Development Committees

 • Local Councils/Political Leaders

• Technical Officers

 Interaction with the LG Systems

• Planning together with LG staff • Use of LG staff for monitoring

• Use of local councils, parish, sub-county and district

• Use of existing government structures at both sub-county and district

 • Use of the NGO For a – various • Cultural institutions

 • Religious institutions – diocesan development programmes

Risks and Mitigation Measures

Assumptions

• Levels of the parish chief is trainable

 • Peace will prevail in secure areas

• Adequate time for the programme

• There will be adequate funds for CDD – steady source

 • Active community participation and involvement

 • Good political will

• Tranches maximum of two

• Timely accountability and training

Risks

 • Mismanagement of the funds by the community could deepen corruption.

• Insecurity (insurgency)

 • De-motivating the parish chief by only paying community facilitator. Caution on differentials in payments.

 • Withdrawal of funding or insufficuent funds for 2nd cycle projects

 • Mechanisms for community procurement not fully elaborated on.

Mitigations

• Strong and dedicated NRT

 • Train CDD facilitators – HLG & IAs

• Rigorous IEC •

Incorporation of O&M in CDD programmes

• In-build mechanisms for facilitating all levels in Monitoring &Supervision in CDD

 • Involvement of CBO in identification of priority projects for development minimum period of existence – 3 yrs

 • Disseminate CDD operations manual, Tool Kit & Community Manual

 • Translate manuals into local languages